The first documents testifying to the existence of a castle in Castro date back to the 13th century: a document of 1282 described it as having a strategic importance to protect the kingdom. It is quite sure that the castle was built on the ruins of a former Byzantine building, which protected the fortified Roman village. In 1480 it was destroyed and then rebuilt and strengthened  in 1572 by the Spanish viceroy.
On the north-western part, stand the thick walls of the Bastion of the buttress, with a single central room and fortified battlements. The Torre Cavaliera, the highest and most imposing one, is a three-story tower with three rooms, covered with barrel vault. The Torre Circolare, dating back to the Aragonese period, has three rooms with small windows and merlons with machicolation.
References:
Rosenborg Palace was built in the period 1606-34 as Christian IV’s summerhouse just outside the ramparts of Copenhagen. Christian IV was very fond of the palace and often stayed at the castle when he resided in Copenhagen, and it was here that he died in 1648. After his death, the palace passed to his son King Frederik III, who together with his queen, Sophie Amalie, carried out several types of modernisation.
The last king who used the place as a residence was Frederik IV, and around 1720, Rosenborg was abandoned in favor of Frederiksborg Palace.Through the 1700s, considerable art treasures were collected at Rosenborg Castle, among other things items from the estates of deceased royalty and from Christiansborg after the fire there in 1794.
Soon the idea of a museum arose, and that was realised in 1833, which is The Royal Danish Collection’s official year of establishment.