The first document explicitly mentioning the Castle of Cancellara dates back to the 15th century. During that period, the feudal property belonged to King Ferdinand I of Naples, also known as Ferrante, and his son Frederick I of Naples. Before this date, some documents testify to the existence of the fiefdom and the settlement of Cancellara, although they do not explicitly refer to the castle.
The devastating earthquake of 1694 caused significant damage and left it in ruins. In 1806, it was partially used as a prison. In the following decades, the fortress, upon which it was built, suffered landslides, floods, and earthquakes.
The castle, constructed from limestone, spans three levels and consists of various buildings around two inner courtyards. The castle still retains architectural elements typical of medieval fortifications that evolved in response to social changes and housing needs. The original keep, likely built by the Normans, saw the addition of the castle/residence of the feudal lord during the 15th century. It was later transformed between the 16th and 18th centuries, first into a baronial palace, then divided, and finally repurposed as a prison, school, and private residence in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Château de Foix dominates the town of Foix. An important tourist site, it is known as a centre of the Cathars. Built on an older 7th-century fortification, the castle is known from 987. In 1002, it was mentioned in the will of Roger I, Count of Carcassonne, who bequeathed the fortress to his youngest child, Bernard. In effect, the family ruling over the region were installed here which allowed them to control access to the upper Ariège valley and to keep surveillance from this strategic point over the lower land, protected behind impregnable walls.
In 1034, the castle became capital of the County of Foix and played a decisive role in medieval military history. During the two following centuries, the castle was home to Counts with shining personalities who became the soul of the Occitan resistance during the crusade against the Albigensians.