Château de Gençay
Description
The Château de Gençay, also known as the Château de Du Guesclin, is located in the town of Gençay, in the Vienne department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. This medieval fortress has undergone several phases of construction and destruction throughout its long history.
The first mention of a castle on this site dates back to around 993. Built for protection against invasions and to control trade along a key route, it became a strategic site in the local power struggles of the time. In the 12th century, the Rancon family took possession of Gençay. The castle was partially destroyed in 1179 by Richard the Lionheart during regional uprisings against English rule. In the 13th century, the castle was rebuilt by Geoffroy de Rancon, who supported the French king. It later passed to the L’Isle-Bouchard family. In 1356, during the Hundred Years’ War, the English captured the castle and held it for nearly two decades under Adam Chel, a Welsh ally of the Prince of Wales. In 1375, the French forces led by Du Guesclin and the Duke of Berry reclaimed it after a long siege. The castle was then granted to Jean de Berry by King Charles V.
Over the following centuries, the château remained in noble hands, including the La Trémoille and Bueil families, and it retained military importance until the mid-17th century. As France focused its defenses elsewhere, Gençay’s strategic role declined. By the 18th and 19th centuries, it was sold multiple times and partially dismantled for building materials. In 1840, it was officially classified as a historic monument by Prosper Mérimée, which helped halt its destruction.
The castle is built on a triangular rocky platform between the Belle and Clouère rivers, making it an ideal site for a fortress. It features thick defensive walls, multiple circular towers, and a fortified gatehouse. The layout includes a large inner courtyard and a prison tower, known as the Tour de la Basse-Fosse. Defensive elements such as arrow slits, a drawbridge, and fortified passageways reflect its military purpose. The Tour du Moulin served both residential and defensive functions. Many of the internal buildings, such as kitchens, stables, and living quarters, have not survived, though their foundations remain.
Since 1969, archaeological excavations and restoration efforts have helped preserve what’s left of the structure. Today, the Château de Gençay stands as an important witness to the region’s turbulent medieval history and architectural heritage.