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Founded: 1209Category: Castles and fortifications in France
Historical period: Late Capetians (France)
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The first castle at this site of Château de Péronne was built at the end of the 9th century by Herbert I, Count of Vermandois, to replace a royal palace that had been burned down by Vikings in 884 AD. In 1191 the castle was again made a royal domain. In 1209 the castle was completely rebuilt by Philip II of France into a more-or-less pentagonal shaped stronghold flanked by circular towers and commanded by a large circular keep.
In 1536 Péronne Castle was besieged by the troops of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, led by the Count of Nassau. The siege ended without succes after 31 days but had destroyed the western part of the castle, including the keep. Later the castle was partly rebuilt and in the 17th century updated to withstand the advances in artillery.
The castle kept its military use up until 1914. In World War I, during the Battle of the Somme, Péronne Castle was almost completely destroyed. After the war it was partly rebuilt in red brick.
The Museum of the Great War (Historial de la Grande Guerre), located in the Château de Péronne, is one of the most important museums in Europe about WW I. It looks at various aspects of the war such as its causes, the everyday life of the soldiers and civilians, the social changes, the reconstruction of a battlefield, the tanks, the planes etc.
References:Kakesbeck is one of the largest medieval fortifications in Münsterland and the oldest castle in Lüdinghausen. The imposingly grown complex originated in 1120 as a motte, a small hilltop tower castle. After numerous changes of ownership, the castle was extended onto two islands, but it was not until the 14th century that it underwent significant alterations and extensions under the von Oer family. The estate experienced its heyday in the middle of the 18th century, when it covered an area of almost one square kilometre and consisted of five further outer castles in addition to the core castle, which were secured by ramparts and moats.
The well-maintained condition of the castle today is thanks to the late Wilfried Grewing, the former lord of the castle. The foundation named after him has been particularly committed to preserving the property since 2020.