The Grosse Horloge of La Rochelle is a former city gate dating back to the original fortifications known as Guillaume X. It received a bell and clock in 1478, becoming the city's belfry, replacing the Mallevault gate.
Originally a gate in La Rochelle's fortified city, part of the early medieval fortifications, the Grosse-Horloge was built in the early 12th century during the construction of the first medieval enclosure. The gate featured two openings: a wider one for carts and a smaller one for pedestrians.
In 1478, an octagonal bell tower was added, topped with a campanile housing the clock bell. This upper part closely resembled the Cailhau gate (except for the central window). In 1672, the two openings were merged into a single arch to facilitate traffic.
In 1746, the upper part of the structure was demolished to make way for the current Louis XV-style cartouche flanked by scientific and military attributes.
Today, it remains one of the main passage points between the quays and the old town. For a few years, it also housed an archaeological museum related to the Templars of La Rochelle.
Manarola is a small town, a frazione of the comune of Riomaggiore. It is the second-smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists, with a population of 353.
Manarola may be the oldest of the towns in the Cinque Terre, with the cornerstone of the church, San Lorenzo, dating from 1338. The local dialect is Manarolese, which is marginally different from the dialects in the nearby area. The name 'Manarola' is probably a dialectical evolution of the Latin, 'magna rota'. In the Manarolese dialect this was changed to 'magna roea' which means 'large wheel', in reference to the mill wheel in the town.
Manarola's primary industries have traditionally been fishing and wine-making. The local wine, called Sciacchetrà, is especially renowned; references from Roman writings mention the high quality of the wine produced in the region.