Nidzica castle construction was begun around 1370. The Pfleger of the Teutonic Knights made it his residence in 1409. On 12t July 1410, the undefended castle was captured by the Polish forces on their way into the interior of the State of the Teutonic Order. At the time of the Hunger War of 1414 the castle was put under siege by the Polish knights and taken after eight days on the 6th of July. In 1454 the castle was occupied by the Prussian Union and in February 1455 was taken by the Czech army led by Jan Kolda ze Zampachu, who had repulsed an attack an by the forces of the Teutonic Knights on 28 April.
In 1517 the inner ward was built up and reinforced. In 1784 a fire consumed the innter ward. In 1812 the castle was devastated by French forces. The castle was rebuilt from 1828-1830 into a court and a prison. The Soviet army bombarded the castle in 1945 and it remained in ruins until its rebuilding in 1961-1965.
References:Manarola is a small town, a frazione of the comune of Riomaggiore. It is the second-smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists, with a population of 353.
Manarola may be the oldest of the towns in the Cinque Terre, with the cornerstone of the church, San Lorenzo, dating from 1338. The local dialect is Manarolese, which is marginally different from the dialects in the nearby area. The name 'Manarola' is probably a dialectical evolution of the Latin, 'magna rota'. In the Manarolese dialect this was changed to 'magna roea' which means 'large wheel', in reference to the mill wheel in the town.
Manarola's primary industries have traditionally been fishing and wine-making. The local wine, called Sciacchetrà, is especially renowned; references from Roman writings mention the high quality of the wine produced in the region.