Vernègues, France
8th century AD
Guingamp, France
14th century
Saint-Malo, France
1689-1693
Saverne, France
16th century
Beaugency, France
12th century
Sévérac-d'Aveyron, France
13th century
Champs-sur-Marne, France
1699
Saint-Malo, France
1369-1382
Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
13th century
Yèvre-la-Ville, France
c. 1200
Plaine-et-Vallées, France
15th century
Brie-Comte-Robert, France
c. 1190
Airvault, France
11th century
Courances, France
1630
Bitche, France
17th-18th century
Prévenchères, France
12th century
Ciboure, France
17th century
Cucugnan, France
11th century
Lichtenberg, France
13th century
Penne, France
9th century AD
Doune Castle was originally built in the thirteenth century, then probably damaged in the Scottish Wars of Independence, before being rebuilt in its present form in the late 14th century by Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1340–1420), the son of King Robert II of Scots, and Regent of Scotland from 1388 until his death. Duke Robert"s stronghold has survived relatively unchanged and complete, and the whole castle was traditionally thought of as the result of a single period of construction at this time. The castle passed to the crown in 1425, when Albany"s son was executed, and was used as a royal hunting lodge and dower house.
In the later 16th century, Doune became the property of the Earls of Moray. The castle saw military action during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and Glencairn"s rising in the mid-17th century, and during the Jacobite risings of the late 17th century and 18th century.