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Founded: 1195-1202Category: Castles and fortifications in France
Historical period: Late Capetians (France)
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The construction of White Tower (La Tour Blanche) was started by Richard the Lionheart in 1195 and completed 1202. It was built in the middle of the war between Plantagenet and Capetian dynasties but never conquered. Today it is restored and open to the public offering a beautiful panoramic scene over Issoudun and the surrounding countryside.
References:Goryōkaku (五稜郭) (literally, 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.
Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō and Jules Brunet. Their plans was based on the work of the French architect Vauban. The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Meiji government.
Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War.