Laubenbergerstein is a hilltop castle, likely established in the 12th century by the Bishops of Augsburg, aimed to safeguard the crucial Iller River crossing and associated customs station. Initially occupied by the Laubenberg family, the castle experienced conflicts, including attacks in 1449 by Graf Hugo XIII. von Montfort. Kaspar von Laubenberg initiated substantial expansions after 1450, resulting in the dominant artillery keep. During the German Peasants' War in 1525, the castle was seized and weapons were stolen.
In 1559, the Laubenberg family left the castle for a newly built residence in Rauhenzell. By 1629, the castle was already considered a partial ruin. Margaretha von Laubenberg accelerated its decay in 1641, selling roofing tiles. In 1647, the fief was revoked, and by 1806, the castle came under Bavarian rule. In 1977, the Immenstadt Heritage Association acquired the ruins and began restoration efforts. The castle, made of local materials, is now accessible to visitors. The imposing artillery tower, constructed after 1450, dominates the castle's appearance and can be climbed on special occasions.
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.