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Founded: 1835Category: Palaces, manors and town halls in Estonia
Historical period: Part of the Russian Empire (Estonia)
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Penijõe (Pennijöggi) estate was established in the first half of the 17th century. Before the Estonian Declaration of Independence in 1918, the manor had belonged to different Baltic German families. Between 1935-1955, the manor housed an agricultural school, and was later divided into flats. In 2000 the building was renovated.
The current building was erected in the first half of the 18th century. In the early 19th century, a second floor and the portico was added and the manor received its current classicist look. The manor is unusual in that the second floor is wooden rather than made of stone.
The manor is located in Matsalu National Park and today houses the Matsalu Nature Centre.
References:The stone church of Gamla Uppsala, built over the pagan temple, dates from the early 12th century. Due to fire and renovations, the present church is only a remnant of the original cathedral.
Before the arrival of Christianity in Sweden, Gamla Uppsala was the seat of Swedish kings and a ceremonial site known all over northern Europe. The settlement was home to royal palaces, a royal burial ground, and a great pagan temple. The Uppsala temple, which was described in detail by Adam of Bremen in the 1070s, housed wooden statues of the Norse gods Odin, Thor and Freyr. A golden chain hung across its gables and the inside was richly decorated with gold. The temple had priests, who sacrificed to the gods according to the needs of the people.
The first Christian cathedral was probably built in the 11th century, but finished in the 12th century. The stone building may have been preceded by a wooden church and probably by the large pagan temple.