Oppenheim, Germany
1225
Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
1253
Cologne, Germany
10th century
Minden, Germany
13th century
Mainz, Germany
1763-1774
Heilbronn, Germany
c. 1100
Soest, Germany
11th century
Breisach am Rhein, Germany
12th century
Freising, Germany
1159-1205
Alpirsbach, Germany
1095
Benediktbeuern, Germany
739 AD
Lüneburg, Germany
1407-1440
Worms, Germany
8th century AD
Hildesheim, Germany
1146
Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
1120
Hildesheim, Germany
1172
Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
1263
Lübeck, Germany
1227
Kempten (Allgäu), Germany
1652-1748
Idar-Oberstein, Germany
1482
Doune Castle was originally built in the thirteenth century, then probably damaged in the Scottish Wars of Independence, before being rebuilt in its present form in the late 14th century by Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1340–1420), the son of King Robert II of Scots, and Regent of Scotland from 1388 until his death. Duke Robert"s stronghold has survived relatively unchanged and complete, and the whole castle was traditionally thought of as the result of a single period of construction at this time. The castle passed to the crown in 1425, when Albany"s son was executed, and was used as a royal hunting lodge and dower house.
In the later 16th century, Doune became the property of the Earls of Moray. The castle saw military action during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and Glencairn"s rising in the mid-17th century, and during the Jacobite risings of the late 17th century and 18th century.