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Founded: 1790sCategory: Palaces, manors and town halls in Finland
Historical period: The Age of Enlightenment (Finland)
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The history of Kyminkartano estate starts around 1350, when Earl Erengisle Suneson acquired some farms around the branches of Kymijoki river. He donated the estate in 1370 to Seneschal Bo Jonsson Grip, who was one of the most powerful noblemen of the kingdom. Late Grip donated Kyminkartano to Vadstena Abbey.
King Gustav Vasa visited in Kyminkartano in 1555 and acquired it to the Crown. After Russia had conquered the area in the 18th century, the government redeemed most of the estate's property. The new main building was built in the 1790s and owned by Wrangel, Clayhills, Bruun and Naht families. Today Kyminkartano is privately owned and not open to the public.
References:Goryōkaku (五稜郭) (literally, 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.
Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō and Jules Brunet. Their plans was based on the work of the French architect Vauban. The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Meiji government.
Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War.