Astronomical Bastion, Kaliningrad, Russia

User Reviews

Андрей Е (6 months ago)
Неплохо сохранившаяся крепость/бастион. Для посещения был доступен только внутренний двор, тк все остальное сдается в аренду двум организациям. Но и его хватило что бы составить хорошее впечатление о этом месте. Вся красота кроется в деталях, своды, двери, ворота, металические/чугунные круговые лесницы, окружающая природа. Прогуливаясь вокруг крепости ненароком представляешь осаду этого бастиона, пытаясь понять что происходит внутри и снаружи, в стане обораняющих и стане врага.

Валерия Максимова (6 months ago)
Замечательное место в центре города, которое действительно сохранилось, и его можно показать гостям города, летом 2018 здесь проходил фестиваль фастфуда. Были умывальники, телевизор, много сидя их мест под тентами. Цены конечно выше среднего бизнес ланча, но здесь провести здесь обед летом шикарно, отгорожен от городской суеты никуда не уходя далеко.

Александр Павлюк (8 months ago)
Название этого бастиона (Sternwarte — Астрономический) произошло от находящейся рядом обсерватории Бесселя. Бастион Астрономический построен в 1855-1860 годах. Сейчас от бастиона остался только редюит (внутренняя часть), треугольный вал со стеной был срыт в 1910-х годах. Во времена Третьего рейха редюит бастиона принадлежал гестапо. Лежащий по западной стороне бастион “Астрономический” образовывал во время боёв в апреле 1945 г. одну из последних оборонительных позиций немецких войск. Типичная для бастиона заостряющаяся внешняя стена и части стены, выходящие на восток нынче снесены; сохранилось полукруглое среднее сооружение, возвышающееся над всем бастионом. Оно выполнено на двух этажах и имеет мощный кирпичный свод. На нём по-прежнему земляное покрытие. Присоединяющийся с востока редут (также покрытый землёй) изображён только частично. Оконные проёмы у него теперь увеличены. Так же имеются подвальные помещения. В подковообразном редюите находятся учебные классы, криминалистическая лаборатория и возможно был жилой отсек. Так же имеются подвалы. В прямоугольном редюите административные помещения, склад угля, тир. В послевоенное время (1945—2000 гг) Астрономический Бастион частично использовался облвоенкоматом в качестве сборного пункта призывников. C 2000 года по 2008 год бастион «Штернварте» являлся местом постоянной дислокации калининградского ОМОНа. В марте 2008 года было сообщено, что Бастион «Астрономический» был продан рыбопромышленной компании ООО «Морская звезда», председателем совета директоров которой является депутат Государственной думы от партии Единая Россия Асанбуба Нюдербегов.

Андрей Медведев (12 months ago)
Заброшен.Построен во второй половине XIX века. Свое название получил от находившейся напротив обсерватории. В 1910 году, во время прокладки железной дороги, бастион лишился части своих строений. После войны здесь располагался сборный призывной пункт. Интересное историческое место.

X Tech (2 years ago)
Nice piece of East-Prussian military architecture. Unfortunately closed for visiting.

Porta Nigra

The Porta Nigra (Latin for black gate) is the largest Roman city gate north of the Alps. It is designated as part of the Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier UNESCO World Heritage Site. The name Porta Nigra originated in the Middle Ages due to the darkened colour of its stone; the original Roman name has not been preserved. Locals commonly refer to the Porta Nigra simply as Porta.

The Porta Nigra was built in grey sandstone between 186 and 200 AD. The original gate consisted of two four-storied towers, projecting as near semicircles on the outer side. A narrow courtyard separated the two gate openings on either side. For unknown reasons, however, the construction of the gate remained unfinished. For example, the stones at the northern (outer) side of the gate were never abraded, and the protruding stones would have made it impossible to install movable gates. Nonetheless, the gate was used for several centuries until the end of the Roman era in Trier.

In Roman times, the Porta Nigra was part of a system of four city gates, one of which stood at each side of the roughly rectangular Roman city. The Porta Nigra guarded the northern entry to the Roman city, while the Porta Alba (White Gate) was built in the east, the Porta Media (Middle Gate) in the south, and the Porta Inclyta (Famous Gate) in the west, next to the Roman bridge across the Moselle. The gates stood at the ends of the two main streets of the Roman Trier, one of which led north-south and the other east-west. Of these gates, only the Porta Nigra still exists today.

In the early Middle Ages the Roman city gates were no longer used for their original function and their stones were taken and reused for other buildings. Also iron and lead braces were broken out of the walls of the Porta Nigra for reuse. Traces of this destruction are still clearly visible on the north side of the gate.

After 1028, the Greek monk Simeon lived as a hermit in the ruins of the Porta Nigra. After his death (1035) and sanctification, the Simeonstift monastery was built next to the Porta Nigra to honor him. Saving it from further destruction, the Porta Nigra was transformed into a church: The inner court of the gate was roofed and intermediate ceilings were inserted. The two middle storeys of the former gate were converted into church naves: the upper storey being for the monks and the lower storey for the general public. The ground floor with the large gates was sealed, and a large outside staircase was constructed alongside the south side (the town side) of the gate, up to the lower storey of the church. A small staircase led further up to the upper storey. The church rooms were accessible through former windows of the western tower of the Porta Nigra that were enlarged to become entrance doors (still visible today). The top floor of the western tower was used as church tower, the eastern tower was leveled, and an apse added at its east side. An additional gate - the much smaller Simeon Gate - was built adjacent to the East side of the Porta Nigra and served as a city gate in medieval times.

In 1802 Napoleon Bonaparte dissolved the church in the Porta Nigra and the monastery beside it, along with the vast majority of Trier"s numerous churches and monasteries. On his visit to Trier in 1804, Napoleon ordered that the Porta Nigra be converted back to its Roman form. Only the apse was kept; but the eastern tower was not rebuilt to its original height. Local legend has it that Napoleon originally wanted to completely tear down the church, but locals convinced him that the church had actually been a Gaulish festival hall before being turned into a church. Another version of the story is that they told him about its Roman origins, persuading him to convert the gate back to its original form.

In 1986 the Porta Nigra was designated a World Heritage Site, along with other Roman monuments in Trier and its surroundings. The modern appearance of the Porta Nigra goes back almost unchanged to the reconstruction ordered by Napoleon. At the south side of the Porta Nigra, remains of Roman columns line the last 100 m of the street leading to the gate. Positioned where they had stood in Roman times, they give a slight impression of the aspect of the original Roman street that was lined with colonnades. The Porta Nigra, including the upper floors, is open to visitors.

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