Athens, Greece
447 BC
Thessaloniki, Greece
12th century
Corfu, Greece
15th century
Heraklion, Greece
1462
Agios Nikolaos, Greece
16th century
Rethymno, Greece
1573-1580
Corfu, Greece
16th century
Thessaloniki, Greece
4th century AD
Rhodes, Greece
1464
Thessaloniki, Greece
4th century AD
Halki, Greece
14th century
Corfu, Greece
6th century AD
Monolithos, Greece
1480
Corfu, Greece
13th century
Rhodes, Greece
1309
Mystras, Greece
1249
Attavyros, Greece
1472
Sfakiá, Greece
1371-1374
Kefalonia, Greece
12th century
Kíssamos, Greece
1579-1584
Goryōkaku (五稜郭) (literally, 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.
Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō and Jules Brunet. Their plans was based on the work of the French architect Vauban. The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Meiji government.
Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War.