Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
11th century
Jüchen, Germany
11th century
Burg an der Wupper, Germany
c. 1133
Bielefeld, Germany
13th century
Königswinter, Germany
1138-1167
Raesfeld, Germany
12th century
Monschau, Germany
c. 1217
Gladbeck, Germany
13th century
Lüdinghausen, Germany
13th century
Krefeld, Germany
c. 1200
Mechernich, Germany
1396-1406
Oberhausen, Germany
13th century
Havixbeck, Germany
14th century
Altena, Germany
1108
Aachen, Germany
13th century
Bad Münstereifel, Germany
13th century
Tecklenburg, Germany
c. 1100
Mönchengladbach, Germany
12th century
Zülpich, Germany
14th century
Kleve, Germany
11th century
The Villa d'Este is a 16th-century villa in Tivoli, near Rome, famous for its terraced hillside Italian Renaissance garden and especially for its profusion of fountains: the extraordinary system contains fifty-one fountains and nymphaeums, 398 spouts, 364 water jets, 64 waterfalls, and 220 basins, fed by 875 meters of canals, channels and cascades, and all working entirely by the force of gravity, without pumps. It is now an Italian state museum, and is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site.
Tivoli had been a popular summer residence since ancient Roman times due to its altitude, cooler temperatures and its proximity to the Villa Hadriana, the summer residence of the Emperor Hadrian I.
The Villa was commissioned by Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este (1509-1572), second son of Alfonso I d'Este, the Duke of Ferrara and grandson of Pope Alexander VI, along with Lucrezia Borgia.