Oslo, Norway
1694-1697
Trondheim, Norway
1070-1300
Tromsø, Norway
1861
Stavanger, Norway
c. 1100-1150
Oslo, Norway
1896
Bergen, Norway
1181
Kristiansand, Norway
1885
Hamar, Norway
1150
Hamar, Norway
1849
Fredrikstad, Norway
1879-1880
The Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg is situated in a strategic area on a rocky spur overlooking the Upper Rhine Plain, it was used by successive powers from the Middle Ages until the Thirty Years' War when it was abandoned. From 1900 to 1908 it was rebuilt at the behest of the German kaiser Wilhelm II. Today it is a major tourist site, attracting more than 500,000 visitors a year.
The first records of a castle built by the Hohenstaufens date back to 1147. The fortress changed its name to Koenigsburg (royal castle) around 1157. The castle was handed over to the Tiersteins by the Habsburgs following its destruction in 1462. They rebuilt and enlarged it, installing a defensive system designed to withstand artillery fire.
The fortification work accomplished over the 15th century did not suffice to keep the Swedish artillery at bay during the Thirty Years War, and the defences were overrun.