Drumoak, United Kingdom
13th century
Milnathort, United Kingdom
15th century
Kemnay, United Kingdom
1575-1636
Argyll and Bute, United Kingdom
c. 1200
Elgin, United Kingdom
c. 1140
Strathblane, United Kingdom
c. 1372
Ruthvenfield, United Kingdom
15th century
Outer Hebrides, United Kingdom
15th century
Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom
c. 1460
Clackmannan, United Kingdom
14th century
Argyll and Bute, United Kingdom
1440s
Argyll and Bute, United Kingdom
14th century
Kildrummy, United Kingdom
13th century
Highland, United Kingdom
13th century
Ardrossan, United Kingdom
15th century
Alloa, United Kingdom
14th century
Argyll and Bute, United Kingdom
1508-1512
Elgin, United Kingdom
12th century
Argyll and Bute, United Kingdom
8th century AD
St Monans, United Kingdom
15th century
The Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg is situated in a strategic area on a rocky spur overlooking the Upper Rhine Plain, it was used by successive powers from the Middle Ages until the Thirty Years' War when it was abandoned. From 1900 to 1908 it was rebuilt at the behest of the German kaiser Wilhelm II. Today it is a major tourist site, attracting more than 500,000 visitors a year.
The first records of a castle built by the Hohenstaufens date back to 1147. The fortress changed its name to Koenigsburg (royal castle) around 1157. The castle was handed over to the Tiersteins by the Habsburgs following its destruction in 1462. They rebuilt and enlarged it, installing a defensive system designed to withstand artillery fire.
The fortification work accomplished over the 15th century did not suffice to keep the Swedish artillery at bay during the Thirty Years War, and the defences were overrun.