Edinburgh, United Kingdom
12th century
Stirling, United Kingdom
12th century
Linlithgow, United Kingdom
1302
Highland, United Kingdom
13th century
Highland, United Kingdom
c. 1250
St Andrews, United Kingdom
1400
Kirkwall, United Kingdom
12th century
Stonehaven, United Kingdom
15th century
Doune, United Kingdom
14th century
Blackness, United Kingdom
1440s
Blair Atholl, United Kingdom
13th century
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
c. 1375-1425
Aberdour, United Kingdom
c. 1200
Isle of Skye, United Kingdom
c. 1350
Dornoch, United Kingdom
c. 1500
Cawdor, United Kingdom
15th century
Seamill, United Kingdom
14th century
Ayr, United Kingdom
15th century
Dundee, United Kingdom
1490
Highland, United Kingdom
13th/19th century
Kristiansten Fortress was built to protect the city against attack from the east. Construction was finished in 1685. General Johan Caspar von Cicignon, who was chief inspector of kuks fortifications, was responsible for the new town plan of Trondheim after the great fire of 18 April 1681. He also made the plans for the construction of Kristiansten Fortress.
The fortress was built during the period from 1682 to 1684 and strengthened to a complete defence fortification in 1691 by building an advanced post Kristiandsands bastion in the east and in 1695 with the now vanished Møllenberg skanse by the river Nidelven. These fortifications were encircled by a continuous palisade and thereby connected to the fortified city. In 1750 the fortress was modernized with new bastions and casemates to protect against mortar artillery.