Città Metropolitana di Roma, Italy
335 BC
Vicenza, Italy
1580-1585
Padua, Italy
1545
Bari, Italy
1914
Catania, Italy
1890
Capri, Italy
early 20th century
Caltagirone, Italy
1606
Bari, Italy
1898
Rome, Italy
115 BC
Pavia, Italy
1773
Ventimiglia, Italy
1867
Rome, Italy
1605
Genoa, Italy
1543
Casale Monferrato, Italy
16th century
Riva del Garda, Italy
16th century
Sassari, Italy
1603-1606
Capo d'Orlando, Italy
1904
Mantua, Italy
1767
Leonforte, Italy
1651
Pont-Saint-Martin, Italy
c. 25 BC
The Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg is situated in a strategic area on a rocky spur overlooking the Upper Rhine Plain, it was used by successive powers from the Middle Ages until the Thirty Years' War when it was abandoned. From 1900 to 1908 it was rebuilt at the behest of the German kaiser Wilhelm II. Today it is a major tourist site, attracting more than 500,000 visitors a year.
The first records of a castle built by the Hohenstaufens date back to 1147. The fortress changed its name to Koenigsburg (royal castle) around 1157. The castle was handed over to the Tiersteins by the Habsburgs following its destruction in 1462. They rebuilt and enlarged it, installing a defensive system designed to withstand artillery fire.
The fortification work accomplished over the 15th century did not suffice to keep the Swedish artillery at bay during the Thirty Years War, and the defences were overrun.