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Founded: 1762Category: Palaces, manors and town halls in Finland
Historical period: The Age of Enlightenment (Finland)
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Pukkila Manor is named after the Bock family who governed the estate from 1540s until 1720s. The numerous owners of Pukkila Manor were high-ranking officials from Turku. The manor’s current main building was built by Justice Court of Appeal, Christoffer Johan Rappe (1719-1776) who later became the county governor of the Province of Turku and Pori.
The main building of Pukkila Manor was built in 1762 and represents rococo style. Parts of the manor’s original rococo interior from Rappe’s time has remained; however, most of the rooms have been arranged in the neo-classical style of the owner Rehbinder who followed Rappe. The herb garden represents Rappe’s era, and it features herbs and plants which were typical to the 18th century. Pukkila Manor was opened to the public in 1970. The manor has been furnished as a late 18th century home for a family with many children.
The manor museum is open to the public Wed-Sun in summertime. In May, end of August and September groups by previous appointment.
Reference: National Board of Antiques
The Cloth Hall in Kraków dates to the Renaissance and is one of the city's most recognizable icons. It is the central feature of the main market square in the Kraków Old Town (listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978).
The hall was once a major centre of international trade. Traveling merchants met there to discuss business and to barter. During its golden age in the 15th century, the hall was the source of a variety of exotic imports from the east – spices, silk, leather and wax – while Kraków itself exported textiles, lead, and salt from the Wieliczka Salt Mine.
Kraków was Poland's capital city and was among the largest cities in Europe already from before the time of the Renaissance. However, its decline started with the move of the capital to Warsaw in the very end of the 16th century. The city's decline was hastened by wars and politics leading to the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century. By the time of the architectural restoration proposed for the cloth hall in 1870 under Austrian rule, much of the historic city center was decrepit. A change in political and economic fortunes for the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria ushered in a revival due to newly established Legislative Assembly or Sejm of the Land. The successful renovation of the Cloth Hall, based on design by Tomasz Pryliński and supervised by Mayor Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz, Sejm Marshal, was one of the most notable achievements of this period.
The hall has hosted many distinguished guests over the centuries and is still used to entertain monarchs and dignitaries, such as Charles, Prince of Wales and Emperor Akihito of Japan, who was welcomed here in 2002. In the past, balls were held here, most notably after Prince Józef Poniatowski had briefly liberated the city from the Austrians in 1809. Aside from its history and cultural value, the hall still is still used as a center of commerce.
On the upper floor of the hall is the Sukiennice Museum division of the National Museum, Kraków. It holds the largest permanent exhibit of the 19th-century Polish painting and sculpture, in four grand exhibition halls arranged by historical period and the theme extending into an entire artistic epoch. The museum was upgraded in 2010 with new technical equipment, storerooms, service spaces as well as improved thematic layout for the display.
The Gallery of 19th-Century Polish Art was a major cultural venue from the moment it opened on October 7, 1879. It features late Baroque, Rococo, and Classicist 18th-century portraits and battle scenes by Polish and foreign pre-Romantics.