St. Jacob's Church, Bamberg, Germany

St. Jacob's church was built in the 11th and 12th centuries outside the fortifications around Cathedral Hill, and was used by numerous Jacob pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Initially, the church was modelled around Heinrich's cathedral and was constructed as a column basilica. In 1771 the baroque facade was added, behind which numerous components from the romanesque period can still be discovered. Inside it is impossible to overlook the many romanesque elements.

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Bamberg Info

User Reviews

Erjon Gjati (2 years ago)
Beautiful,nice view

Yuriy Chorniy (2 years ago)
Very Good!

Johannes Stefan (3 years ago)
Sehr schöne Kirche

Harald Röhrer (3 years ago)
Man kann gut abschalten

김미순 (3 years ago)
성 야곱교회는 독일 로텐부르크에서 가장 유명한 교회이다. 처음에 성당으로 지어졌다가 마틴 루터의 종교개혁이후 기독교 교회로 되었다고 한다. 1311년부터 세워진 고딕양식의 건축물로 완공은1484년까지 장장 170년이 걸렸다. 입장료는 1유로50센트정도인데 꼭 들어가보시기를 권합니다. 이른 아침시간에 방문했을때는 파이프오르간의 웅장한 연주를 잠시 들을수 있어서 감동적이었다. 자그만치 5500개의 파이프로 이루어져있다. 사진의 동영상에 올려놓았음. 성스러운 피의제단, 프란찌스쿠스제단이 있고 가장 중요한 볼거리는 나무조각으로 된 리엔슈나이더의 작품인 '최후의 만찬' 으로 제단의 정면에 있다. 어떻게 나무로 십자가 죽음을 앞둔 예수님의 숭고한 모습과 슬픈 얼굴의 고뇌하는 제자들의 모습을 사실적으로 표현할수 있었을까? 세계 최고의 목조예술작품이라고 하는 말을 이해할수 있게 되었다. 이 작품의 위쪽에 작은 두 천사가 들고있는 금박의 십자가에 예수의 피가 들어갔다고 전해지는 수정이 있어 매우 유명하다. 찾아 보시기 바랍니다. 소박하지만 아름다운 교회를 천천히 둘러보고 나오려는데 입구에 계시던분이 2층을 올라가보라고 하여 뒤쪽에 2층계단을 올라가보니 거기에도 나무조각으로된 훌륭한 작품이 있었다.

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Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba

The Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, also known as the Great Mosque of Córdoba and the Mezquita is regarded as one of the most accomplished monuments of Moorish architecture.

According to a traditional account, a small Visigoth church, the Catholic Basilica of Saint Vincent of Lérins, originally stood on the site. In 784 Abd al-Rahman I ordered construction of the Great Mosque, which was considerably expanded by later Muslim rulers. The mosque underwent numerous subsequent changes: Abd al-Rahman II ordered a new minaret, while in 961 Al-Hakam II enlarged the building and enriched the Mihrab. The last of such reforms was carried out by Almanzor in 987. It was connected to the Caliph"s palace by a raised walkway, mosques within the palaces being the tradition for previous Islamic rulers – as well as Christian Kings who built their palaces adjacent to churches. The Mezquita reached its current dimensions in 987 with the completion of the outer naves and courtyard.

In 1236, Córdoba was conquered by King Ferdinand III of Castile, and the centre of the mosque was converted into a Catholic cathedral. Alfonso X oversaw the construction of the Villaviciosa Chapel and the Royal Chapel within the mosque. The kings who followed added further Christian features, such as King Henry II rebuilding the chapel in the 14th century. The minaret of the mosque was also converted to the bell tower of the cathedral. It was adorned with Santiago de Compostela"s captured cathedral bells. Following a windstorm in 1589, the former minaret was further reinforced by encasing it within a new structure.

The most significant alteration was the building of a Renaissance cathedral nave in the middle of the expansive structure. The insertion was constructed by permission of Charles V, king of Castile and Aragon. Artisans and architects continued to add to the existing structure until the late 18th century.

Architecture

The building"s floor plan is seen to be parallel to some of the earliest mosques built from the very beginning of Islam. It had a rectangular prayer hall with aisles arranged perpendicular to the qibla, the direction towards which Muslims pray. The prayer hall was large and flat, with timber ceilings held up by arches of horseshoe-like appearance.

In planning the mosque, the architects incorporated a number of Roman columns with choice capitals. Some of the columns were already in the Gothic structure; others were sent from various regions of Iberia as presents from the governors of provinces. Ivory, jasper, porphyry, gold, silver, copper, and brass were used in the decorations. Marvellous mosaics and azulejos were designed. Later, the immense temple embodied all the styles of Morisco architecture into one composition.

The building is most notable for its arcaded hypostyle hall, with 856 columns of jasper, onyx, marble, granite and porphyry. These were made from pieces of the Roman temple that had occupied the site previously, as well as other Roman buildings, such as the Mérida amphitheatre. The double arches were an innovation, permitting higher ceilings than would otherwise be possible with relatively low columns. The double arches consist of a lower horseshoe arch and an upper semi-circular arch.

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