Carcassonne, France
c. 1130
Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, France
806 AD
Foix, France
10th century
Cucugnan, France
11th century
Lastours, France
11th century
Montségur, France
1204
Puilaurens, France
1229
Arques, France
1284
Villerouge-Termenès, France
12th century
Saissac, France
11th century
Puivert, France
12th century
Termes, France
12th century
Tuchan, France
12th century
Mazamet, France
11th century
Agel, France
12th century
Miglos, France
13th century
Fenouillet, France
11th century
Coustaussa, France
12th century
Rouze, France
11th century
Pieusse, France
1140-1145
The Villa d'Este is a 16th-century villa in Tivoli, near Rome, famous for its terraced hillside Italian Renaissance garden and especially for its profusion of fountains: the extraordinary system contains fifty-one fountains and nymphaeums, 398 spouts, 364 water jets, 64 waterfalls, and 220 basins, fed by 875 meters of canals, channels and cascades, and all working entirely by the force of gravity, without pumps. It is now an Italian state museum, and is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site.
Tivoli had been a popular summer residence since ancient Roman times due to its altitude, cooler temperatures and its proximity to the Villa Hadriana, the summer residence of the Emperor Hadrian I.
The Villa was commissioned by Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este (1509-1572), second son of Alfonso I d'Este, the Duke of Ferrara and grandson of Pope Alexander VI, along with Lucrezia Borgia.