Vernazza, Italy
15th century
Riomaggiore, Italy
13th century
Camogli, Italy
13th century
Porto Venere, Italy
12th century
Dolceacqua, Italy
12th century
Cervo, Italy
13th century
Lerici, Italy
1152
Levanto, Italy
12th century
Apricale, Italy
12th century
Sarzana, Italy
1487
La Spezia, Italy
13th century
Pietra Ligure, Italy
12th century
Varese Ligure, Italy
15th century
Finale Ligure, Italy
14th century
Sarzana, Italy
1494
Ameglia, Italy
10th century AD
Torriglia, Italy
c. 1000 AD
Noli, Italy
10th century AD
Santo Stefano d'Aveto, Italy
12th century
Andora, Italy
13th century
Goryōkaku (五稜郭) (literally, 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.
Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō and Jules Brunet. Their plans was based on the work of the French architect Vauban. The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Meiji government.
Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War.